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Gateway Service Architecture

Overview​

The Gateway Service is the entry point for all client requests, providing routing, authentication, rate limiting, and federation.

Architecture Diagram​

                    ┌─────────────┐
                    │   Clients   │
                    └──────┬──────┘
                           │
                           ▼
                    ┌─────────────┐
                    │   Gateway   │
                    │  (Rust)    │
                    └──────┬──────┘
                           │
        ┌──────────────────┼──────────────────┐
        │                  │                  │
        ▼                  ▼                  ▼
┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐  ┌──────────────┐
│ Federation   │  │  Payment     │  │ Auth Service │
│   Service    │  │  Service     │  │              │
└──────────────┘  └──────────────┘  └──────────────┘

Components​

Request Processing Pipeline​

  1. Authentication - Verify JWT tokens
  2. Rate Limiting - Check rate limits (Redis)
  3. Routing - Determine target service
  4. Proxying - Forward request to backend
  5. Response Processing - Transform and return response

Rate Limiting​

  • Redis-backed - Distributed rate limiting
  • Adaptive - Adjusts based on service health
  • Per-user - Individual rate limits per API key

Circuit Breaker​

Prevents cascading failures by:

  • Monitoring service health
  • Opening circuit on repeated failures
  • Automatically retrying after cooldown

GraphQL Federation​

  • Routes GraphQL queries to Federation Service
  • Combines results from multiple services
  • Handles schema stitching

Performance Features​

  • Connection Pooling - Efficient backend connections
  • Caching - Response caching for frequently accessed data
  • Compression - Smart compression algorithm selection
  • Load Balancing - Distribute load across service instances

Security​

  • Zero-Trust - Continuous verification
  • JWT Validation - Token verification on every request
  • IAM Headers - Propagate identity to backend services
  • Request Validation - Input validation and sanitization